Clipping of news on Brazilian Culture, Law and Citizenship
14/01/2013
This article was translated by an automatic translation system, and was therefore not reviewed by people.
Recommended Doses were already in the country against cervical tumor.
Vaccine, which has not yet come to SUS, is most effective between 9 and 26 years.
The National Health Surveillance Agency (ANVISA) has approved a new indication for the vaccine against human papilloma virus (HPV): anal cancer. The three recommended doses, which are not yet available in the Unified Health System (SUS) - only in private - have already been used to prevent cancer of the cervix.
The application of the HPV vaccine is most effective if given before the onset of sexual activity in women and men, mainly in the range from 9 to 26 years. This is because, at this stage, people have not been exposed to the virus either, which is a sexually transmitted disease (STD).
The decision Anvisa relied on a study by the University of California at San Francisco, USA, which was published in October 2011 in the journal "New England Journal of Medicine."
Research shows that the HPV vaccine to prevent anal cancer is safe and effective, and that while this type of tumor is less common, the number of cases has increased greatly in recent years in the U.S., especially among homosexual men and patients with HIV.
According to Professor Joel Palefsky, who led the clinical study with 602 male volunteers, nearly 6000 Americans are diagnosed with anal cancer each year, and more than 700 die. The paper also points out that HPV infection is the most common sexual way in the country.
The men were homosexual analyzed from countries like USA, Canada, Brazil, Australia, Croatia, Germany and Spain. All had kept between one and five sexual encounters when they were between 16 and 26 years. Participants were divided into two groups: in one, was applied to the Gardasil vaccine, which protects against four major types of HPV (6, 11, 16 and 18), and the other received placebo (no active substance or side effects).
The types 6 and 11 usually cause warts on the genitals and anus, while 16 and 18 are involved in more cases of cancer. Patients joined the study between 2006 and 2008 and were followed for three years after the last dose of vaccine.
Results showed that immunization reduced the incidence of precancerous lesions in almost 75% of men that had not been previously exposed to any of these viral types doses. Among those who have had contact with these strains, efficacy was 54%.
Anal cancer in Brazil
Anal cancer occurs in the channel and on the outer edges of the anus. It's different colorectal tumor that affects the regions of the colon and rectum, the anterior segments of the large intestine.
According to the National Cancer Institute (INCA), the anal canal tumor is more common in women, while it appears at the edges occurs more in men. The disease is rare, and represents from 2% to 4% of all cancers affecting the large intestine. The age group is more prone after 50 years, but young adults have shown quite the problem in recent years.
In 2010, the Inca recorded 274 deaths from cancer of the anus in Brazil - 176 women and 98 men. HPV infections, HIV and other STDs - such as gonorrhea, genital herpes, chlamydia and condylomatosis - are linked to anal cancer. Having sex without a condom, have sores in the anus, high stress levels, make chronic use of corticosteroids (which lowers immunity) and smoking also contribute to the disease.
According to the colorectal surgeon Marcelo Averbach, the Syrian-Lebanese Hospital in Sao Paulo, anal cancer causes lesions on the edge of the area to evacuate and discomfort. The surgeon digestive Fabio Atui, the proctology clinic and STD / AIDS, Hospital das Clinicas (HC) USP, says there may also be hardening and bleeding from the anal verge, which leads one to think you have hemorrhoids. Pain, burning, itching, discharge, change in bowel habit and faecal incontinence are other signs that may occur, says the Inca.
"The diagnosis is made with a digital rectal examination and a smear using a brush similar to the Pap smear of the cervix. Already treatment is radio-and chemotherapy, and eventually indicates surgery," explains Atui. The chances of cure are great when the disease is detected at an early stage.
According to the doctor, the HPV vaccine may in future also be displayed against mouth and throat cancer, other types connected with this virus. Atui also emphasizes the vaccine protects only against four strains key, which does not prevent infection or illness for over a hundred other variations of HPV.
"The vast majority of the sexually active population has had contact with this virus. Over the years, the body's own immune system protects against HPV. Has immune deficiencies But who is more vulnerable," he says.
As forms of prevention is always shown having anal sex with a condom because there is bacteria in the intestine and anus microcracks that may facilitate infection. The Inca also recommends keeping a balanced diet with at least five portions (400 g) of fruits and vegetables, and low fat. In addition, regular exercise reduces the risk of cancer in general.
Source: G1 - News - The Well
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This article was translated by an automatic translation system, and was therefore not reviewed by people.