Clipping of news on Brazilian Culture, Law and Citizenship
19/06/2012
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The two days of the start of the Rio +20 Summit, where more than one hundred heads of state will discuss the future of the planet, the IBGE Sustainable Development Indicators 2012
The two days of the start of the Rio +20 Summit, where more than one hundred heads of state will discuss the future of the planet, the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE) announced on Monday the research Sustainable Development Indicators 2012. Among other data, draws the picture of deforestation in the country for the first time the IBGE presents the data of devastation throughout the territory, beyond the Amazon.
The indicators reveal that they are preserved only 12% of the original area of the Atlantic Forest biome of the most devastated country from 1.8 million km ², left over 149,700 km ². The deforested area reached 1.13 million km ² (88% of original) - about the state of Pará and more than the entire Southeast region. The data refer to 2010. After the Atlantic, the Pampa gaucho is the most deforested: lost 54% of its original area of 177,700 km ² by 2009.
The devastation of the Cerrado, the second largest biome in the country, reached 49.1% in 2010. In the previous edition of the IDS, released two years ago, the IBGE had pointed devastation of 48.37% of the Cerrado. In two years, 52,300 km ² deforested - about the state of Rio Grande do Norte.
The scrub has lost 45.6% of its original 826,400 km ². The Pantanal is the smallest and best preserved biome: lost 15% of the total area of 150,400 km ². The data refer to 2009.
The IBGE showed deforestation rates of all extra-Amazonian biomes, since Amazon has a specific monitoring, the oldest and most detailed.
Biomes are regions with homogeneous ecosystems in relation to vegetation, soil, climate, fauna and flora. Brazil is divided into six biomes. The IBGE study draws attention to the fact that deforestation, and damage to land, water and species of fauna and flora, increases emissions of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.
"Monitoring of biomes it is essential not only for its preservation as for any type of intervention or law seeking to regulate the use of natural resources in Brazil. From the surveys and the remaining areas of deforestation, Brazil will know where are the areas that need to be recovered and which may serve to economic activities, without opening new areas, "says the study.
As the most devastated biome, the Atlantic also has the largest number of fauna species extinct or endangered: About 260. In total, the IBGE indicated nine extinct species, 122 species critically endangered, 166 endangered and 330 vulnerable.
Legal Amazon
Although the pace of deforestation in the Amazon region (area of 5.2 million km ², which goes beyond the Amazon and includes a part of the Cerrado) will decrease every year since 2008, the loss of original vegetation has reached 14.83% in 2011, according to estimates released at the IDS 2012, the IBGE. In previous research, the index was at 14.6% in 2009. In 1991, the total devastation of the Amazon was 8.38%. Between 2009 and 2011, the deforested area increased from 741,600 to 754,800 km ². They are 13,200 km ² - more than the city of Manaus - in native vegetation lost.
Diseases
Besides the destruction of native vegetation, poor housing, racial and regional inequalities and the increase in the emission of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere away from Brazil from the path of sustainable development, which involves growth with environmental preservation, quality of life and inclusion social. On the other hand, the reduction of poverty, malnutrition and the use of substances harmful to the ozone layer are positive indicators of sustainability.
The GDP per capita increased by 21% in 14 years, but there are still 2.5 million households in inadequate housing conditions in the country and hospital admissions due to poor sanitation are worrying. Despite the reduction in admissions to less than half in 17 years, there have been many fluctuations and an increase in cases between 2009 and 2010. Among the insect-borne diseases such as dengue, yellow fever, malaria and Chagas disease, the results are alarming: they increased from 36.4 per hundred thousand inhabitants in 1993 to 54 per hundred thousand in 2010.
Dwellings in Brazil, the biggest problem is sanitation, poor or nonexistent in three of every ten households in Brazil. In 1992, the rate was doubled. The total number of hospitalizations due to diseases related to sanitation fell from 732.8 per hundred thousand in 1993 to 320.6 per hundred thousand in 2010. In 2009, however, the rate was lower, 281.1 per hundred thousand. Rose diseases transmitted by mosquitoes and caused by contamination of food and water.
"Deforestation and inadequate sanitary conditions of the population, combined with high rainfall and the extent of the drainage network, are among the factors that favor the transmission of diseases transmitted by insect vectors in the North," says the IBGE survey , noting that 99.5% of malaria cases occur in the Amazon. However, the study draws attention to the fact that "the migration to this region Ceará, Bahia and Rio de Janeiro has led to outbreaks of malaria in these states." The study also highlights the increase in dengue cases in recent years.
Source: Ig News
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This article was translated by an automatic translation system, and was therefore not reviewed by people.