Clipping of news on Brazilian Culture, Law and Citizenship
21/05/2012
This article was translated by an automatic translation system, and was therefore not reviewed by people.
In Brazil, agricultural practices among living systems and archaic technology. No country can be found from the ancient sowing grain by grain to the most advanced planters and harvesters. The agricultural equipment are constantly being modernized. Every year something new is posted.
The Embrapa researcher Decio Gazzoni notes that the modernization of equipment was also essential for the Brazilian agriculture reached the stage today, in record time to plant and harvest in record time. It took some machinery, seed and lots of appropriate strategy, recalls producer Darci Ferrarin.
The producer calls the window that has a very short time to plant as soon as possible so that the culture is enriched by the rains. For 40 years, the soybean seed that was planted in September had to be harvested in March, which took six months. Now, with the early soybean hundred days, the producer plant in mid-September to harvest in early January, when it opens the window for planting cotton that is well watered by summer rains. Soy median 115-120 days, planted in September, will be harvested in late January and early February, the time window for planting corn. Soy is now long cycle of 140 days. The corn, planted in September, is harvested in late February, opening a window for planting beans.
Formerly, who cultivated soybeans was only producer of soybeans. Who moved with an ox ox was only creator. In more recent experience that begins to spread the culture of grain occupies the same space of animals or vice versa in the call crop-livestock integration.
The producer Darci Ferrarin is between farmers who long ago retired the old idea that the soil needs to rest. He comes full circle with the pastures that overlap with the same crop areas. The farmer takes the grain and cotton. Then fattening four thousand head of cattle. Besides the actual production gains, this model of agriculture also brings gains for nature.
The environmental damage in this model are much smaller than the 20 or 30 years ago. The toxicity of the product decreased. With the ground is always covered with straw, the absorption is greater and less drag material to watercourses.
The farm has five acres of native forest on the banks of the Teles Pires River. The farmer Darci Ferrarin account that the property has 28 springs. Sprinklers that apply poison even come close to the water. He opened channels by gravity to carry the water tank trucks, moving up the crop to supply the applicators.
This agricultural revolution that Brazil is also reduced the impact on the consumer's pocket. The food coming out of the field currently much cheaper than in the 1970s.
The production of milk and meat has benefited the advancement of agriculture. The grain fattening chicken, pork and beef. A third of the plant per year that Brazil turns directly into animal protein. GFP Brazilian model also ended up hitting a target that does not concern brought 40 years ago: global warming.
The huge emissions of greenhouse gases by human activities increase the temperature on the planet, which can lead to catastrophic changes in climate.
The researcher Carlos Cerri is Professor of Esalq, the College of Agriculture Luis de Queiroz, worked for several years in the IPCC, Intergovernametal Panel on Climate Change UN as part of the team that won the Nobel Peace Prize he received a prestigious award Embrapa for his research on carbon emissions. "By not turning the soil, tillage means there is less emission of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere. On the other hand, part of the straw which is on the soil surface, with the decomposition by soil organisms, is incorporated into the soil doing what we call the soil carbon sequestration, "he says.
For 15 years, the research teams of Dr. Cerri crops from the four corners of Brazil. They collect soil samples and segmenting the ground with boxes, make the collection of gases that float in the surface layers of straw. With syringes, gases are sucked the earth exhales. The material is analyzed in the laboratories of the University of Sao Paulo in Piracicaba. Researcher Carlos Cena has an inventory of emissions and the setting of gas fields in the country.
Whereas Brazil has reached about 35 million hectares of tillage, it is concluded that the practice sequesters 17 million tons of carbon per year, which offsets the emissions of greenhouse gases from Sao Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, Belo Horizonte and most of Brazil's most populous capital.
The no-tillage system also gave significant contribution to the energy sector. No-tillage, combined with other conservation practices, prevented erosion and therefore sedimentation in the basin of the Parana River and increased the expected life of the Itaipu dam from 100 to about 200 years.
Source: Environment Brazil
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This article was translated by an automatic translation system, and was therefore not reviewed by people.