Deforestation in the Amazon extinguished 26 species and 644 threat, says UN
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Deforestation of the Amazon caused the extinction of 26 species of animals and plants by 2006, according to a report released this Wednesday by the United Nations Program for Environment (UNEP). In the same period, 644 other species joined the list of animals and plants threatened with extinction. Of the 26 extinct species, ten are in the Brazilian Amazon forest. Among the species are threatened, the spider monkey (Ateles belzebuth) and bear-of-glasses (Tremarctos ornatus).
The GEO report Amazonia, which is being released in a meeting of UNEP in Nairobi, Kenya, points out that deforestation of the Amazon still happening at an accelerated pace. At all times, the Amazon forest deforestation has equivalent to 94% of the total territory of Venezuela, as it was early last month by the French newspaper "Le Monde" reported by the BBC and Brazil. UNEP's report says that five years in the Amazon lost 17% of total vegetation in the nine countries that have stretches of rainforest. The total area deforested in the period was 857,666 square kilometers.
Pessimistic scenarios
The report states that three factors will influence the way that Amazon will develop in the future: public policies, the functioning of the market and new technologies. Based on these three factors, the report outlines four different scenarios for the future of Amazon in the long term, and none of the hypotheses presented an ideal situation.
"Isso significa que os protagonistas amazônicos não conseguiram imaginar um futuro no qual as políticas públicas, o mercado, a ciência e a tecnologia se desenvolvam, simultaneamente, de uma maneira suficientemente positiva de forma a promover o desenvolvimento sustentável da Amazônia", diz o documento. The four scenarios outlined by UNEP are:
- Amazon emerging: a scenario in which the government and market forces will generate benefits to the region, but the science and technology does not move enough to improve the exploitation of natural resources.
- The edge of the precipice: the government do to combat deforestation, but the market demand for resources and lack of appropriate technology would be stronger than the public effort.
- Light and Shadow: public action and investment in technology contributed to the deforestation, but market forces would require more resources.
- Ex Hell-green: a scenario in which the forest would be subject to the demands of the market, without government action or technological support for sustainable development.
Savanization
According to the report, internal and external factors in each country are leading to deforestation. Among the internal factors is the growth of urbanization in the region and the exploitation of natural resources. The UNEP highlights qu, and in four countries of the region, over 50% of the Amazon population is urban.
Externally, global warming continues to affect the cycle of rains and affecting the balance of the ecosystem. The report cites estimates made in other studies that 60% of the Amazon could turn into savanna still in this century due to the increase in global average temperature - a claim challenged by a new study published in Britain last week.
The report also states that the articulation of groups and institutions that work in the Amazon is still only the beginning. "In most countries of the region, the Amazon still is not part of the 'active space' National, however they are slowly beginning to articulate the Amazon in the political-administrative system, society and national economy," says the report of the program UN.
"Brazil is the country that showed most progress in this area. Moreover, the ongoing process of decentralization, with varying levels of progress, aims to improve environmental governance by regional and local governments."
Source: BBC
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