Clipping of news on Brazilian Culture, Law and Citizenship
28/11/2013
This article was translated by an automatic translation system, and was therefore not reviewed by people.
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The tobacco control policies developed during the period 1989-2008 were able to reduce consumption by almost 50 % . However , despite this good result , there was a specific look to socioeconomic inequalities . This statement is verified at the time the research analyzed the situation of vulnerability to which low-income populations are subjected , when it comes to the reach of political control . The data show that the poor are more exposed to the substance , have a lower perception of health warning messages and are more vulnerable to tobacco-related diseases . The warning is part of the research tobacco taxes and policies for tobacco control in Brazil , Mexico and Uruguay - Brazil results , developed by the National School of Public Health Center for Research on Tobacco and Health ( CETAB ) ( ENSP / Fiocruz ) , in partnership with the Alliance for Tobacco Control ( ACT ) and the Faculty of Economics of the Universidade Federal Fluminense ( UFF ) . The results were presented on Tuesday ( 26/11 ) , the International Conference on Taxes , Prices and Tobacco Control Policies , held at UFF .
The report confirms that poor people smoke more , have greater exposure to passive smoking , lower perception of health warning messages and lowest dropout rate of smoking
The study , coordinated by the researcher Ensp Vera Luiza da Costa e Silva , identified the demand for smoking by income group and education level , as well as evaluating different reactions to taxes and other tobacco control policies . " The research is of great importance for the country , since it raises potential reasons for the observed inequities in the distribution of smoking in the country. It corroborates the results of studies conducted in other countries where the tobacco epidemic is concentrated among the poor , "said the coordinator of CETAB about the work done simultaneously in Mexico and Uruguay , and funded by the Agency for Development Cooperation Canada International Development Research Centre ( IDRC ) .
Situations of vulnerability
Besides concluding that people with low education levels are more likely to suffer from diseases caused by smoking , the research points to the tendency of the gap between rich and poor since the indicators presented indicate an extremely unfavorable scenario for groups lower socioeconomic regarding tobacco epidemic. The report confirms that poor people smoke more , have greater exposure to passive smoking , lower perception of health warning messages , lower abandonment rate are exposed to smoking and , similarly , the pro-and anti-tobacco messages . Also, spend more money to buy tobacco products and more die from tobacco-related diseases .
In the study coordinator opinion, it was found that not just designing campaigns and policies for tobacco control in Brazil only in thematic areas . It is necessary that each test plotted initiative and develop strategies that impact on the population of lower socioeconomic status, with campaigns , warning messages , control measures and treatment offerings designed for this group . " Only then can we continue to reduce the proportion of smokers in the population under 5 % levels , leading the country to enter into what has been called ' the endgame ' tobacco ," he concluded .
For the executive director of ACT , Paula Johns , the data demonstrate that smoking is not a challenge overcome in Brazil . " In addition to advancing the implementation of public policies to control smoking classic , as price increases, smoke-free environments , advertising bans and additives in cigarettes , it is necessary to think of initiatives that reach the most vulnerable layers of the population smoking , treating it as a social determinant of health , "he said .
numbers
Collected data show that the percentage of smokers of all tobacco products among people aged 15 years or more , less than seven years of schooling , was two times higher than among those identified with at least one year of university. Regarding the average monthly expenditure on cigarettes , were higher among the less educated population , meaning 13.1 % of average income in the group with less than eight years of schooling , whereas corresponded to 5.4% of income between people with more than 15 years of schooling . In the group between 8 and 11 years of schooling , it reached 9.8 % .
cessation
Cessation , the researchers found that the odds of quitting are higher in the group that has at least one year of university than in those who did not attend university. The percentage of smokers with less than seven years of schooling that watched and read the health warnings on packets of tobacco products was less than the percentage observed in both groups of higher level of education ( 8-11 years of study and at least one year of university) . However , there is no difference with the intention to quit when comparing the three groups .
diseases
Four diseases strongly associated with smoking are highlighted according to the socioeconomic differences : lung cancer ( CP ) , ischemic heart disease ( IHD ) , cerebrovascular disease ( CVV ) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ( COPD ) . The difference in the risk of dying from these diseases was at least two times higher among people with less than eight years of education compared with people for more than eight years of study throughout the period analyzed .
Source : Agency FioCruz
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This article was translated by an automatic translation system, and was therefore not reviewed by people.